Biology Flashcards

Eukaryotic cells contain their genetic material (DNA) enclosed within a nucleus. They are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, including all animal and plant cells.

Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells do. Prokaryotic DNA is circular and not associated with histones, while eukaryotic DNA is linear and bound to histones. Prokaryotic cell walls contain murein, whereas plant eukaryotic cell walls contain cellulose.

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein by specifying the sequence of amino acids. Genes are found at fixed positions (loci) on chromosomes and are the units of inheritance.

Genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, comprising all the alleles it possesses. Phenotype is the observable or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by the interaction of its genotype and the environment.

Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen. This reaction requires light energy, which is absorbed by the chlorophyll pigment in chloroplasts. The process converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

An ecological niche describes how an organism fits into its environment. It includes where the organism lives and what it does there, encompassing all its adaptations and interactions with both biotic and abiotic factors.